Introduction to Lotte Meitner-Graf: a life

An Introduction to Artiicial Life

Can a machine reproduce? This question was posed by mathematician John von Neumann in the early 1950s and explored by him before his untimely death in 1957. Speci cally he asked whether an arti cial machine could create a copy of itself, which in turn could create more copies (in analogy to nature). Von Neumann wished to investigate the logic necessary for reproduction. He was not interested, n...

An Introduction To Artificial Life

Can a machine reproduce? This question was posed by mathematician John von Neumann in the early 1950s and explored by him before his untimely death in 1957. Specifically he asked whether an artificial machine could create a copy of itself, which in turn could create more copies (in analogy to nature). Von Neumann wished to investigate the logic necessary for reproduction. He was not interested,...

Anatomy of Annotation Schemes: Mapping to GrAF

In this paper, we apply the annotation scheme design methodology defined in (Bunt, 2010) and demonstrate its use for generating a mapping from an existing annotation scheme to a representation in GrAF format. The most important features of this methodology are (1) the distinction of the abstract and concrete syntax of an annotation language; (2) the specification of a formal semantics for the a...

An Introduction to Sociolinguistics

Introduction to circular data

In many diverse scientific fields, the measurements are directions. For instance, a biologist may be measuring the direction of flight of a bird or the orientation of an animal. A series of such observations is called ”directional data”. Since a direction has no magnitude, these can be conveniently represented as points on the circumference of a unit circle centered at the origin or as unit ...